The NAO loading pattern has been chosen as the first mode of a Rotated Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis using monthly mean 500 millibar height anomaly data from 1950 to 2000 over 0-90°N latitude.įor more information, please visit the Climate Prediction Center NAO page. The NAO index is obtained by projecting the NAO loading pattern to the daily anomaly 500 millibar height field over 0-90°N. The NAO exhibits considerable interseasonal and interannual variability, and prolonged periods (several months) of both positive and negative phases of the pattern are common. During particularly prolonged periods dominated by one particular phase of the NAO, abnormal height and temperature patterns are also often seen extending well into central Russia and north-central Siberia. Opposite patterns of temperature and precipitation anomalies are typically observed during strong negative phases of the NAO. They are also associated with above-normal precipitation over northern Europe and Scandinavia and below-normal precipitation over southern and central Europe. Strong positive phases of the NAO tend to be associated with above-normal temperatures in the eastern United States and across northern Europe and below-normal temperatures in Greenland and oftentimes across southern Europe and the Middle East. Both phases of the NAO are associated with basin-wide changes in the intensity and location of the North Atlantic jet stream and storm track, and in large-scale modulations of the normal patterns of zonal and meridional heat and moisture transport, which in turn results in changes in temperature and precipitation patterns often extending from eastern North America to western and central Europe. The negative phase reflects an opposite pattern of height and pressure anomalies over these regions. What states are in the Atlantic region The 14 states that have a shoreline on the Atlantic Ocean are, from north to south, Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New. The positive phase of the NAO reflects below-normal heights and pressure across the high latitudes of the North Atlantic and above-normal heights and pressure over the central North Atlantic, the eastern United States and western Europe. Four Mid-Atlantic statesDelaware, Maryland, New Jersey, and Pennsylvaniaalong with the District of Columbia make up the REL Mid-Atlantic region. The states in the Pacific Coastal Region are California, Oregon and Washington.The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index is based on the surface sea-level pressure difference between the Subtropical (Azores) High and the Subpolar Low. Geographically, the Pacific Coastal Region is considered the Pacific Mountain System. The Pacific Coastal Region is made up of the states which lie along the Pacific Ocean. Geographically, these are both the Rocky Mountain region and the Intermontane Region of the United States. The Stated included in the region are Montana, Idaho, Colorado, Utah, Wyoming and Nevada. These states are to the north of the South-West region and West of the Mid-West Region of the United States. The Rocky Mountain Region is made up of the states that run through the Rocky Mountains. The states in the South-West Region include Texas, Arizona, New Mexico and Oklahoma. Geographically, it is part of the Atlantic Gulf Coastal Plain. The South-West Region of the United States is located directly west of the Southern Region. The states in the Mid-West Region are Michigan, North and South Dakota, Iowa, Minnesota, Kansas, Nebraska, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin and Missouri. Geographically, the states in the Mid-West are the Interior Plains and part of the Interior Highlands regions. The Mid-West Region is to the north of the Southern Region and is the fourth region of the United States. These states are part of the Appalachian Highlands geographic region. The states in the Southern Region include Virginia, West Virginia, Kentucky, Delaware, Maryland, North and South Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansas, Louisiana, Florida, Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi. These states are to the south and west of the mid-Atlantic states. The Southern states make up the third region of the United States. The Mid-Atlantic is also part of the Atlantic-Gulf Coastal Plains geographic locations. The Mid-Atlantic Sstates are New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. The Middle Atlantic States, which are also called the Mid-Atlantic States, are the second region of the United States and are south and west of the New England States.
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